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PACCOMM TNC Command List:

Command and Function Reference for PacComm Firmware

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Upper case portion of command is the shortest useable form. 

Default values are in parenthesis. 

Call string = call #1[-n] [via call #2[-n] [call #3 [-n] ... [call #9 [-n]] 
     where -n can be 0 thru 15

Notes:
[1] Not available on all models 
[2] Default varies 
[3] Export only 
[4] PMS user only 
[5] PMS user & SysOp 
[6] Identifies Health Counters and Indicators 
[7] Identifies Functions

Command          Argument      Description
?APRS?            [7]          When found in the data field of a received 
                               frame, TNC initiates transmission of GPS 
                               capture buffers (see LOC)
3rdparty         ON|OFf        Allow PMS messages to other than SysOp 
8bitconv         ON|OFf        Pass or strip high-order bit in CONV mode
ACKprior         ON|OFf        Enable prioritized acknowledgements 
ACKTime        n = 0-250 (14)  Sets delay for prioritized acknowledgement 
ADrdisp          ON|OFf        Displays addresses for monitored frames 
AMonth           ON|OFf        Select alphabetic or numeric month in date 
ASyrxovr          [6]          Async. receive overflow error counter 
ASYFrerrr         [6]          Async. framing error counter 
ASYQover          [6]          Async. overflow error counter 
AUTOFwd          ON|OFf        Enable automatic forwarding of PMS messages 
AUtolf           ON|OFf        Send linefeed to terminal after each CR 
AWlenn           7 or 8        Number of bits in each byte sent to terminal 
Ax2512v2         ON|OFf        Select Ver. 2.0 (ON) or 1.0 of AX.25 protocol 
AXDelay         n = 0-180      Extra keyup delay for voice rptr (n * 0.1 sec)
AXHang          n = 0-20       Voice repeater hang time (n * 0.1 sec)
BAud              [1]          Sets terminal and radio baud rates 
BBfailed         none          bbRAM failure message 
BBSmsgs          ON|OFf        Alter message display for BBS applications 
Beacon        E|A n=0-250      Beacon timing/mode (E|A)(0-250 *10 sec) 
BSLot        n = 0-59 (60)     Value indicates second to be used, 60 disables beacon slotting function 
BESLot           ON|OFf        (ON)Selects TDMA beacon timing (OFF) selects 
                               conventional timing 
BKondel          ON|OFf        Select (ON) backspace or del for DEL key 
BRAange        [1] n = 1-4     (3) Sets beacon timer interval
BReak            ON|OFf        Enable response to BREAK signal 
BSUBSLOT        n = 1-9        (0) Value indicates tenth of a second slot 
                               to be used, 0 disables
BText            text          Text to be sent as beacon (max 120 chars). 
                               BT % clears this field.
BUdlist          ON|OFf        Treat LCALLS as the only stations to monitor 
Bye            [4] none        PMS user command to exit the PMS 
CALibra        [1] none        Enable calibrate mode for the built-in modem 
CALSet      [1] n = 0-65335    Sets parameters for CAL "LEDcounter"
CANline        n = 0-$7F       ($18 ^X) Sets Cancel-line character 
CANPac         n = 0-$7F       ($19 ^X) Sets Cancel-packet character 
CBell            ON|OFf        Enable (ON) connect bell on terminal 
CHeck          n = 0-250       (12) Connection check time (n * 10 sec)
CHECKV1          ON|OFf        Enables Checktime for AX.25L2V1
CLKadj        n = 0-65335      Real time clock adjustment (slows clock)
CLKSet           ON|OFf        Enable clock setting by BBS connection 
CMdtime       n = 0-255        (1) Sets the transparent mode timeout value 
CMSg             ON|OFf        Enable the connect message function
CMSGDisc         ON|OFf        Enable forced disconnect after Connect Msg 
COMmand       n = 0-$7F        ($03) Set CONV to CMD mode entry character 
CONMode        CONV|TR         Mode to enter when connection occurs 
Connect       Call string      Open a connection via optional repeaters 
CONOk            ON|OFf        Enable accepting connections 
CONPerm          ON|OFf        Select temporary or permanent connection 
CONRPT           ON|OFf        Xmits GPS capture buffers (LTEXT, L1, L2, 
                               L3text), STEXT (if not blank), and CTEXT 
                               (if CMSG is ON) , when station connects to TNC 
CONStamp         ON|OFf        Print date and time on connect messages
CONVerse          none         Enter CONV mode from CMD mode (alt = K) 
CPactime         ON|OFf        Enable CONV mode timed packet dispatch
CR               ON|OFf        Select appending a CR to each data packet 
CRAfter          ON|OFf        Add CR after monitored frame 
CStatus           none         Display the status of all streams
CText             text         Connect Message Text (120 characters). 
                               CT % clears this field.
CWid        [3] E|A n=0-250    CWID frequency/mode (E|A)(0-250 *100 sec)
CWIdtext      [3]   text       Up to 32 alphanumeric characters for CWID 
CWLen         [3] n = 1-9      (6) Set CWID wpm (9=13, 6=20, 3=40) 
DAytime       yymmddhhmmss     Set or display date and time 
DAYUsa           ON|OFf        [2]Date format mm/dd/yy (ON) or dd-mm-yy 
DEAdtime        n = 0-250      (20) Sets the length of the slot used in SLOTS              
DELete           ON|OFf        Select BS char: BS($08)(OFF) or DEL($7F)
DIGI-NOT-OWN      [7]          This function causes the TNC to never digipeat 
                               a frame that was originated with that TNC's 
                               MYCALL. It prevents multiple repeating of the
                               same frame due to multiple alias callsigns.
DIGI-ONCE         [7]          This function causes the TNC to only digipeat 
                               a frame once when it finds its MYCALL in the 
                               path and the "has been repeated" bit is on.
DIGIpeat        n = 0-8        0= DIGIpeat OFF (the old DIGI  N)
                               1=DIGIpeat ON and DIGI-SWAP enabled
                               2=DIGIpeat ON and DIGI-NOT-OWN enabled
                               3=DIGIpeat ON, DIGI-NOT-OWN and DIGI-SWAP 
                               enabled 
                               4=DIGIpeat ON   and DIGI-ONCE enabled 
                               5=DIGIpeat ON , DIGI-SWAP and DIGI-ONCE enabled
                               6=DIGIpeat ON, DIGI-NOT-OWN and DIGI-ONCE 
                               enabled 
                               7=DIGIpeat ON, DIGI-SWAP, DIGI-NOT-OWN, and 
                               DIGI-ONCE enabled (Default)
                               8=DIGIpeat ON (like the old DIGI Y with no new 
                               features)
DIGISent        [6] none       Digipeated frames sent counter 
DIGI-SWAP         [7]          This function causes the TNC to replace the 
                               alias call in a frame with the MYCALL when the 
                               TNC digipeats a frame. This allows subsequent 
                               stations to know the real path taken by the 
                               frame so that a reverse addressed frame may be 
                               sent back. It also puts valid packet station 
                               identification in the frame. 
Disconnect        none         Teardown connection on current stream 
DISPlay   A,B,C,G,H,I,L,M,P,T  Display ALL or selected parameters 
                               (i.e G = GPS parameters, etc.)
DWait           n = 0-250      (0) Extra digipeater delay (n * 10 msec)
Echo             ON|OFf        Echo parameters typed on keyboard 
EBEacon          ON|OFf        Sends BTEXT to the terminal port vice RF port 
EDithdr    [5] to call, @ call Edit PMS message 'to' or '@ BBS' callsigns 
ELOc             ON|OFf        Select async or RF location beacon 
EScape           ON|OFf        Set ESC character ($1B)(OFF) or ($24)(ON) 
FIrmrnr          ON|OFf        Reduce frequent polling of busy packet stations 
FIXType         n =0-4 (1)     Type of search to indicate good GPS fix 
Flow             ON|OFf        Inhibit output to terminal while user is typing 
FOrward        [5] Msg #       Cause PMS Msg # to be reverse forwarded 
FNPms callsign [via callsign #2]   Force PMS forward via node 
FPms  callsign [via callsign #2]   Force PMS forwarding 
FRack          n = 1-15 (3)    Set time to wait for packet ack 
FSCreen          ON|OFf        Select four column DISPLAY presentation 
FUllduplex       ON|OFf        Select simplex or  duplex mode 
GPS              ON|OFf        Configure the serial port for a GPS receiver 
GPSExit         none (1)       Sets character to exit GPS scan mode 
GPSItext         blank         Command string sent to GPS if GPS=ON. 
                               GPSI % clears this field.
GPSTExt         $GPGGA         Fill-in GPS NMEA-183 string to be used. 
                               GPSTE % clears this field.
GPSType       [1] n = 0-8      Selects type of GPS string format 
HEaderli         ON|OFf        Header and text on same/separate lines 
HEALled          ON|OFf        Normal/software test by CON/STA LEDs 
Help or ?       [4] none       PMS Help display for the PMS user 
HId              ON|OFf        Enable ID packet every 9.5 minutes 
HOMebbs        callsign        Callsign of 'Home BBS' serving you PMS 
HOvrerr        [6] none        HDLC over run error counter 
HUndrerr       [6] none        HDLC under run error counter 
Id               none          Send ID packet (UI) frame via UNproto path 
Jlog           [4] none        Displays the MHEARD for the PMS user 
K                none          Alternative form of the CONV command 
KIll or Kill    [4] n          Kill (delete) message number n from PMS 
KILONFWD         ON|OFf        Kill (delete) PMS messages after forwarding 
KISs             ON|OFf        Select KISS mode. Must follow by RESTART 
KM              [5] none       Kill all PMS messages addressed to my callsign 
LCAlls         call # 1-8      Callsigns to receive or ignore (see BUDLIST )
LCok             ON|OFf        Convert lower to UPPER case (async) 
LCStream         ON|OFf        Allow STREAM ID char to be lower case 
LFadd            ON|OFf        Add Line Feed to each CR sent to terminal 
LFIgnore         ON|OFf        Filter embedded linefeeds in received data 
LGEtchar     n = 0-$7F ($00)   Set character to trigger async LTEXT dump 
                               ** LGEtchar should be set to $05 for use 
                               with APRS Release 74d and later** 
LG1text          none          String accepted from GPS for PMS history log. 
                               LG1 % clears this field.
LG2text          none          String accepted from GPS for PMS history log. 
                               LG2 % clears this field.
LG3text          none          String accepted from GPS for PMS history log. 
                               LG3 % clears this field.
List           [5] none        List the 10 most recent PMS messages 
LOCation      E|A n =0-250     Position report timing/mode (E|A)(0-250 *10sec)
LOGonmsg         ON|OFf        Enable standard PMS logon message 
LPATH         call string      (GPS) Path & address to send UI location frames 
LTEXT                          Waiting Data from GPSString accepted from 
                               GPS to be sent by LOC command. LTEXT % clears 
                               this field.
L1text                         Waiting Data from GPS String accepted from 
                               GPS to be sent by LOC command. L1 % clears 
                               this field.
L2text                         Waiting Data from GPS String accepted from 
                               GPS to be sent by LOC command. L2 % clears 
                               this field.
L3text                         Waiting Data from GPS String accepted from 
                               GPS to be sent by LOC command. L3 % clears 
                               this field.
LSLOT           n = 0-59 (60)  Selects second location beacon is sent 
LSLOTMIN        n = 0-59 (60)  Selects minute LSLOT timing applies to 
LSUBSLOT          none         Divides LSLOT into two time slots 
MAll             ON|OFf        Monitor connected frames and UI frames 
MAXframe      [2] n = 1-7 (4)  Number of outstanding frames allowed 
MCOM             ON|OFf        Display data/all (CON/DIS/UA/DM) frames 
MCon             ON|OFf        Monitor UI frames while connected 
MFilter        n = 0-$7F       Four characters to purge from monitored data 
MHClear           none         Clear the Calls Heard list 
MHeard            none         Shows calls heard and date/time (if clock set) 
MIne or Mine    [4] none       List messages to/from callsign 
MKiss             none         Immediate entry into KISS mode 
Monitor          ON|OFf        Monitor ON - see BUD, MALL, MCON, MST 
MRpt             ON|OFf        Display monitored digipeater paths 
MSGHdr           ON|OFf        Add message header to forwarded messages 
MSGRoute         ON|OFf        Deletes most BBS routing history in PMS msg 
MStamp           ON|OFf        Select time stamping of monitored frames 
MYAlias     call [-n](none)    Alternate callsign (for digipeater use )
MY1alias    call [-n](none)    Alternate callsign (for digipeater use) 
MY2alias    call [-n](none)    Alternate callsign (for digipeater use) 
MY3alias    call [-n](none)    Alternate callsign (for digipeater use) 
MYcall      call [-n](NOCALL)  Station callsign for ID and linking 
MYPcall     call [-n](none)    PMS callsign (different than MYCALL) 
MYRose      call [-n]          Callsign of local ROSE switch 
NEwmode          ON|OFf        Select timing and method of changing modes 
NODetext      text (blank)     Callsign string for FNPMS command. 
                               NOD % clears this field.
NOmode           ON|OFf        Allow explicit mode change only 
NUcr             ON|OFf        Select sending NULLS ($00) after a CR 
NULf             ON|OFf        Select sending NULLS ($00) after a LF 
NULLs           n = 0-30       # of nulls sent if NUcr or NULf enabled 
Paclen       [2] n = 0-255     (128) Number of bytes of data in a frame 
PACTime      E|A n = 0-250     (A10) TRANS mode timer (n * 100 ms) 
PARity           n = 0-3       Serial parity: 0/2=none,1=odd, 3=even 
PASs        n = 0-$7F ($16^V)  Sets the value of the PASS char 
PASSAll          ON|OFf        Display frames with valid CRC or all frames 
PASSWD       [1] (PASSWORD)    Remote Call password (19 char maximum) 
                               UPPER/lower case matters!
PErsist      n = 0-255 (63)    Set threshold for KISS retry probability 
PIdchec          ON|OFf        Select allprotocol ID or PID F0
PMs              ON|OFf        Enable Personal Message System 
PMSConn         [6] none       PMS connection counter 
POrt           [1] 1|2         Set radio port, modem tones,baud rate 
PPersist         ON|OFf        Selects channel access timing method 
PPRint        [1] Msg #(s)     Print PMS message(s) via printer port 
PRefix           ($00)         Specifies char. added to monitored frames 
PRAutolf    [1]  ON|OFf        Add line feed to each CR set to printer 
PRInt       [1]  ON|OFf        Enable printer port operation 
PRPage      [1]  ON|OFf        Enable control of printer pagination 
PRPDisc     [1]  ON|OFf        Send form feed char upon DISCONNECT 
PRPGln     [1] n = 1-99 (60)   # of lines per page if PRPAGE is ON 
PRTTOFf  [1] n = 0-$7F($0F^O)  Disable print char (if PRTTgl ON) 
PRTTON   [1] n = 0-$7F $10(^P) Enable print char (if PRTTgl ON) 
PRTTgl      [1]  ON|OFf        Set print control via PRTTON/PRTTOFF 
PRTUifra    [1]  ON|OFf        Send monitored frames to printer port 
RCVDFrmr      [6] none         Received frame rejection counter 
RCVDIfra      [6] none         Received frame counter 
RCVDRej       [6] none         Received reject frame counter 
RCVDSabm      [6] none         Received SABM frame counter 
RCVDRNr       [6] none         Received RNR frame counter 
Read            [5] #          Display PMS message # to operator or user 
REConnect      call string     Reestablish a connection via a new path 
REDisplay   n = 0-$7F ($12^R)  Set character to print the input buffer 
REMote           ON|OFf        Enables remote operation 
REMSysop         ON|OFf        Enable Sysop functions for remote operator 
RENUmber          none         Re-number all PMS messages starting with 1
RESET             none         Reset TNC and set bbRAM to default parameters 
RESptime        n = 0-250      Select the delay for sending an ACK (n * 100ms) 
RESTART           none         Reset TNC using user supplied parameters 
REtry          n = 0-15(10)    Max number of retries (0 = infinity) 
RFNPms callsign [via callsign #2]  Force PMS rev forward via node 
RFPms  callsign [via callsign #2]  Force PMS reverse forwarding 
RTCSync          ON|OFf        Syncs real time clock with GPS time 
RXAbort          none (1)      Receive abort counter 
RXblock          ON|OFf        Format TNC data for computer processing 
RXCount        [6] none        Received frame counter 
RXErrors       [6] none        Received error counter 
RXLenerr       [6] none        Received length error counter 
RXResync       [6] none        Receive re-synchronization counter 
Screelen     n = 0-255 (0)     Select line length (screen width) for terminal 
SEND    [4] or SP [5]callsign  Creates a message to from user 
SB            [5] callsign     Create a bulletin message 
SEND or SP    [5] callsign     Create a message to from MYPcall 
SEndpac   n =  0-$7F ($0D CR)  Select the character which sends frame 
SENTFrmr      [6] none         Frame rejects sent counter 
SENTIfra      [6] none         Information frames sent counter 
SENTRej       [6] none         Frames rejects sent counter 
SENTRNr       [6] none         RNR frames sent counter 
SLOts       n = 0-127 (2)      Number of slots is SLOTS timing 
SLottime       n (50)          Set KISS rigor in accessing channel 
SR           [5] Msg #         Enter reply message to callsign of Msg # in PMS 
ST          [5] callsign       Enter a 'TRAFFIC' msg to in PMS 
STArt      n = 0-$7F ($11^Q)   Set XON char for data to the terminal 
STATus          none           Query connection and frame acknowledgement 
                               status 
STExt           text           PMS custom sign-on msg text (max 80 chars) 
STOp       n = 0-$7F ($13^S)   Set XOFF char for data to terminal 
STREAMCa         ON|OFf        Select showing the callsign after stream 
                               identification. 
STREAMDb         ON|OFf        Print the stream switch character once/twice 
                               (||A)
STReamsw      n = 0-$FF ($7C ) Set the character to use to change streams 
TKILlok          ON|OFf        Allows any PMS user to kill NTS messages 
TRACe            ON|OFf        Select the hexadecimal trace mode 
Trans             none         Place the TNC in TRANSPARENT mode 
TRFlow           ON|OFf        Enable flow control to the terminal 
                               (TRANS mode) 
TRIes           n = 0-15       Set or display the current retry counter 
TXCount        [6] none        Frames transmitted counter 
TXdelay      n = 0-120 (15)    Keying delay for the transmitter (n * 10ms)
TXDELAYC     n = 0-120 (12)    Number of character times of extra TXD 
TXFlow           ON|OFf        Enable flow control to the TNC (TRANS mode) 
TXQovflw       [6] none        Transmit queue overflow counter 
TXTmo          [6] none        Transmitter time out counter 
TXUifram         ON|OFf        Enable sending UI frames in CONVERSE mode 
UIBeacon         ON|OFf        Xmits BTEXT when callsign in unproto string 
UILOc        [1] ON|OFf        Xmits LTEXT,L1text,L2text,L3text when 
                               Callsign in UI string 
UIMODe           ON|OFf        Immediate entry into CONMODE on power up 
                               Unproto call string (CQ) Path and address 
                               to send UI frames 
USers          n = 0-10(1)     Sets the numbers of streams (connections)
Version         [5] none       Displays sign-on banner 
Xflow            ON|OFf        XON/XOFF Flow control enabled vs hardware 
XMitok           ON|OFf        Allow the transmitter to be keyed 
XOff      n = 0-$7F ($13^S)    Set the character to stop data from terminal 
XON       n = 0-$7F ($11^Q)    Set the character to start data from terminal

I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. I confess one baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen. With firm faith, I also believe everything contained in the word of God, whether written or handed down in Tradition, which the Church, either by a solemn judgment or by the ordinary and universal Magisterium, sets forth to be believed as divinely revealed. I also firmly accept and hold each and everything definitively proposed by the Church regarding teaching on faith and morals. Moreover, I adhere with religious submission of will and intellect to the teachings which either the Roman Pontiff or the College of Bishops enunciate when they exercise their authentic Magisterium, even if they do not intend to proclaim these teachings by a definitive act. . From her very beginning, the Church has professed faith in the Lord, crucified and risen, and has gathered the fundamental contents of her belief into certain formulas. The central event of the death and resurrection of the Lord Jesus, expressed first in simple formulas and subsequently in formulas that were more developed,1 made it possible to give life to that uninterrupted proclamation of faith, in which the Church has handed on both what had been received from the lips of Christ and from his works, as well as what had been learned "at the prompting of the Holy Spirit".2 The same New Testament is the singular witness of the first profession proclaimed by the disciples immediately after the events of Easter: "For I handed on to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures; that he was buried; that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures; that he appeared to Cephas, then to the Twelve".3 2. In the course of the centuries, from this unchangeable nucleus testifying to Jesus as Son of God and as Lord, symbols witnessing to the unity of the faith and to the communion of the churches came to be developed. In these, the fundamental truths which every believer is required to know and to profess were gathered together. Thus, before receiving Baptism, the catechumen must make his profession of faith. The Fathers too, coming together in Councils to respond to historical challenges that required a more complete presentation of the truths of the faith or a defense of the orthodoxy of those truths, formulated new creeds which occupy "a special place in the Church's life"4 up to the present day. The diversity of these symbols expresses the richness of the one faith; none of them is superseded or nullified by subsequent professions of faith formulated in response to later historical circumstances. 3. Christ's promise to bestow the Holy Spirit, who "will guide you into all truth", constantly sustains the Church on her way.5 Thus, in the course of her history, certain truths have been defined as having been acquired though the Holy Spirit's assistance and are therefore perceptible stages in the realization of the original promise. Other truths, however, have to be understood still more deeply before full possession can be attained of what God, in his mystery of love, wished to reveal to men for their salvation.6 In recent times too, in her pastoral care for souls, the Church has thought it opportune to express in a more explicit way the faith of all time. In addition, the obligation has been established for some members of the Christian faithful, called to assume particular offices in the community in the name of the Church, to publicly make a profession of faith according to the formula approved by the Apostolic See.7 4. This new formula of the Professio fidei restates the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed and concludes with the addition of three propositions or paragraphs intended to better distinguish the order of the truths to which the believer adheres. The correct explanation of these paragraphs deserves a clear presentation, so that their authentic meaning, as given by the Church's Magisterium, will be well understood, received and integrally preserved. In contemporary usage, the term 'Church' has come to include a variety of meanings, which, while true and consistent, require greater precision when one refers to the specific and proper functions of persons who act within the Church. In this area, it is clear that, on questions of faith and morals, the only subject qualified to fulfil the office of teaching with binding authority for the faithful is the Supreme Pontiff and the College of Bishops in communion with him.8 The Bishops are the "authentic teachers" of the faith, "endowed with the authority of Christ",9 because by divine institution they are the successors of the Apostles "in teaching and in pastoral governance": together with the Roman Pontiff they exercise supreme and full power over all the Church, although this power cannot be exercised without the consent of the Roman Pontiff.10 5. The first paragraph states: "With firm faith, I also believe everything contained in the word of God, whether written or handed down in Tradition, which the Church, either by a solemn judgement or by the ordinary and universal Magisterium, sets forth to be believed as divinely revealed". The object taught in this paragraph is constituted by all those doctrines of divine and catholic faith which the Church proposes as divinely and formally revealed and, as such, as irreformable.11 These doctrines are contained in the word of God, written or handed down, and defined with a solemn judgement as divinely revealed truths either by the Roman Pontiff when he speaks 'ex cathedra,' or by the College of Bishops gathered in council, or infallibly proposed for belief by the ordinary and universal Magisterium. These doctrines require the assent of theological faith by all members of the faithful. Thus, whoever obstinately places them in doubt or denies them falls under the censure of heresy, as indicated by the respective canons of the Codes of Canon Law.12 6. The second proposition of the Professio fidei states: "I also firmly accept and hold each and everything definitively proposed by the Church regarding teaching on faith and morals". The object taught by this formula includes all those teachings belonging to the dogmatic or moral area,13 which are necessary for faithfully keeping and expounding the deposit of faith, even if they have not been proposed by the Magisterium of the Church as formally revealed. Such doctrines can be defined solemnly by the Roman Pontiff when he speaks 'ex cathedra' or by the College of Bishops gathered in council, or they can be taught infallibly by the ordinary and universal Magisterium of the Church as a 'sententia definitive tenenda'.14 Every believer, therefore, is required to give firm and definitive assent to these truths, based on faith in the Holy Spirit's assistance to the Church's Magisterium, and on the Catholic doctrine of the infallibility of the Magisterium in these matters.15 Whoever denies these truths would be in a position of rejecting a truth of Catholic doctrine16 and would therefore no longer be in full communion with the Catholic Church. 7. The truths belonging to this second paragraph can be of various natures, thus giving different qualities to their relationship with revelation. There are truths which are necessarily connected with revelation by virtue of an historical relationship, while other truths evince a logical connection that expresses a stage in the maturation of understanding of revelation which the Church is called to undertake. The fact that these doctrines may not be proposed as formally revealed, insofar as they add to the data of faith elements that are not revealed or which are not yet expressly recognized as such, in no way diminishes their definitive character, which is required at least by their intrinsic connection with revealed truth. Moreover, it cannot be excluded that at a certain point in dogmatic development, the understanding of the realities and the words of the deposit of faith can progress in the life of the Church, and the Magisterium may proclaim some of these doctrines as also dogmas of divine and catholic faith. 8. With regard to the nature of the assent owed to the truths set forth by the Church as divinely revealed (those of the first paragraph) or to be held definitively (those of the second paragraph), it is important to emphasize that there is no difference with respect to the full and irrevocable character of the assent which is owed to these teachings. The difference concerns the supernatural virtue of faith: in the case of truths of the first paragraph, the assent is based directly on faith in the authority of the word of God (doctrines de fide credenda); in the case of the truths of the second paragraph, the assent is based on faith in the Holy Spirit's assistance to the Magisterium and on the Catholic doctrine of the infallibility of the Magisterium (doctrines de fide tenenda). 9. The Magisterium of the Church, however, teaches a doctrine to be believed as divinely revealed (first paragraph) or to be held definitively (second paragraph) with an act which is either defining or non-defining. In the case of a defining act, a truth is solemnly defined by an 'ex cathedra' pronouncement by the Roman Pontiff or by the action of an ecumenical council. In the case of a non-defining act, a doctrine is taught infallibly by the ordinary and universal Magisterium of the Bishops dispersed throughout the world who are in communion with the Successor of Peter. Such a doctrine can be confirmed or reaffirmed by the Roman Pontiff, even without recourse to a solemn definition, by declaring explicitly that it belongs to the teaching of the ordinary and universal Magisterium as a truth that is divinely revealed (first paragraph) or as a truth of Catholic doctrine (second paragraph). Consequently, when there has not been a judgement on a doctrine in the solemn form of a definition, but this doctrine, belonging to the inheritance of the depositum fidei, is taught by the ordinary and universal Magisterium, which necessarily includes the Pope, such a doctrine is to be understood as having been set forth infallibly.17 The declaration of confirmation or reaffirmation by the Roman Pontiff in this case is not a new dogmatic definition, but a formal attestation of a truth already possessed and infallibly transmitted by the Church. 10. The third proposition of the Professio fidei states: "Moreover, I adhere with religious submission of will and intellect to the teachings which either the Roman Pontiff or the College of Bishops enunciate when they exercise their authentic Magisterium, even if they do not intend to proclaim these teachings by a definitive act". To this paragraph belong all those teachings – on faith and morals – presented as true or at least as sure, even if they have not been defined with a solemn judgement or proposed as definitive by the ordinary and universal Magisterium. Such teachings are, however, an authentic expression of the ordinary Magisterium of the Roman Pontiff or of the College of Bishops and therefore require religious submission of will and intellect.18 They are set forth in order to arrive at a deeper understanding of revelation, or to recall the conformity of a teaching with the truths of faith, or lastly to warn against ideas incompatible with those truths or against dangerous opinions that can lead to error.19 A proposition contrary to these doctrines can be qualified as erroneous or, in the case of teachings of the prudential order, as rash or dangerous and therefore 'tuto doceri non potest'.20 11. Examples. Without any intention of completeness or exhaustiveness, some examples of doctrines relative to the three paragraphs described above can be recalled. To the truths of the first paragraph belong the articles of faith of the Creed, the various christological dogmas21 and marian dogmas;22the doctrine of the institution of the sacraments by Christ and their efficacy with regard to grace;23the doctrine of the real and substantial presence of Christ in the Eucharist24and the sacrificial nature of the eucharistic celebration;25the foundation of the Church by the will of Christ;26the doctrine on the primacy and infallibility of the Roman Pontiff;27 the doctrine on the existence of original sin;28the doctrine on the immortality of the spiritual soul and on the immediate recompense after death;29the absence of error in the inspired sacred texts;30the doctrine on the grave immorality of direct and voluntary killing of an innocent human being.31 With respect to the truths of the second paragraph, with reference to those connected with revelation by a logical necessity, one can consider, for example, the development in the understanding of the doctrine connected with the definition of papal infallibility, prior to the dogmatic definition of the First Vatican Council. The primacy of the Successor of Peter was always believed as a revealed fact, although until Vatican I the discussion remained open as to whether the conceptual elaboration of what is understood by the terms 'jurisdiction' and 'infallibility' was to be considered an intrinsic part of revelation or only a logical consequence. On the other hand, although its character as a divinely revealed truth was defined in the First Vatican Council, the doctrine on the infallibility and primacy of jurisdiction of the Roman Pontiff was already recognized as definitive in the period before the council. History clearly shows, therefore, that what was accepted into the consciousness of the Church was considered a true doctrine from the beginning, and was subsequently held to be definitive; however, only in the final stage – the definition of Vatican I – was it also accepted as a divinely revealed truth. A similar process can be observed in the more recent teaching regarding the doctrine that priestly ordination is reserved only to men. The Supreme Pontiff, while not wishing to proceed to a dogmatic definition, intended to reaffirm that this doctrine is to be held definitively,32 since, founded on the written word of God, constantly preserved and applied in the Tradition of the Church, it has been set forth infallibly by the ordinary and universal Magisterium.33 As the prior example illustrates, this does not foreclose the possibility that, in the future, the consciousness of the Church might progress to the point where this teaching could be defined as a doctrine to be believed as divinely revealed. The doctrine on the illicitness of euthanasia, taught in the Encyclical Letter Evangelium Vitae, can also be recalled. Confirming that euthanasia is "a grave violation of the law of God", the Pope declares that "this doctrine is based upon the natural law and upon the written word of God, is transmitted by the Church's Tradition and taught by the ordinary and universal Magisterium".34 It could seem that there is only a logical element in the doctrine on euthanasia, since Scripture does not seem to be aware of the concept. In this case, however, the interrelationship between the orders of faith and reason becomes apparent: Scripture, in fact, clearly excludes every form of the kind of self-determination of human existence that is presupposed in the theory and practice of euthanasia. Other examples of moral doctrines which are taught as definitive by the universal and ordinary Magisterium of the Church are: the teaching on the illicitness of prostitution35and of fornication.36 With regard to those truths connected to revelation by historical necessity and which are to be held definitively, but are not able to be declared as divinely revealed, the following examples can be given: the legitimacy of the election of the Supreme Pontiff or of the celebration of an ecumenical council, the canonizations of saints (dogmatic facts), the declaration of Pope Leo XIII in the Apostolic Letter Apostolicae Curae on the invalidity of Anglican ordinations.37... As examples of doctrines belonging to the third paragraph, one can point in general to teachings set forth by the authentic ordinary Magisterium in a non-definitive way, which require degrees of adherence differentiated according to the mind and the will manifested; this is shown especially by the nature of the documents, by the frequent repetition of the same doctrine, or by the tenor of the verbal expression.38 12. With the different symbols of faith, the believer recognizes and attests that he professes the faith of the entire Church. It is for this reason that, above all in the earliest symbols of faith, this consciousness is expressed in the formula 'We believe'. As the Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches: "'I believe' (Apostles' Creed) is the faith of the Church professed personally by each believer, principally during Baptism. 'We believe' (Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed) is the faith of the Church confessed by the Bishops assembled in council or more generally by the liturgical assembly of believers. 'I believe' is also the Church, our mother, responding to God by faith as she teaches us to say both 'I believe' and 'We believe'".39 In every profession of faith, the Church verifies different stages she has reached on her path toward the definitive meeting with the Lord. No content is abrogated with the passage of time; instead, all of it becomes an irreplaceable inheritance through which the faith of all time, of all believers, and lived out in every place, contemplates the constant action of the Spirit of the risen Christ, the Spirit who accompanies and gives life to his Church and leads her into the fullness of the truth. Rome, from the offices of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, June 29, 1998, the Solemnity of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul. Joseph Card. Ratzinger Prefect Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B. Archbishop Emeritus of Vercelli Secretary

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